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八年级(上册)英语教科书全册课文及译文牛津深圳版(上海教育出版社)

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发表于 2016-4-23 00:17:01 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
    八年级(上册)英语教科书全册课文及译文牛津深圳版(上海教育出版社)
    八年级上册Unit 1-8课文与翻译
    Unit1
    Encyclopaedias
    P.3
    Look
    it up!
    Here
    are two articles from an encyclopaedia.
    Da
    Vinci, Leonardo
    Leonardo da
    Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician,
    engineer and scientist.
    Da
    Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed
    great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he
    learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous,
    and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the
    world. He also had many inventio. For example, his notebooks
    include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See
    Art)
    Dinosau
    Dinosau lived on
    Earth more than 60 million yea before human beings. They lived
    everywhere on Earth. Some dinosau were as small as chicke.
    Othe were as big as ten elephants. Some could even
    fly.
    Many
    dinosau ate plants. However, some dinosau liked to eat
    meat.
    Dinosau lived on
    Earth for more than 150 million yea. Then, suddenly, they all
    died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from
    their fossils. (See Earth history)
    查找它
    这里有来自百科全书的两篇文章。
    列奥纳多•达•芬奇
    列奥纳多•达•芬奇(1452 -
    1519)是意大利画家,发明家,音乐家,工程师和科学家。
    达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的,其中一个,蒙娜丽莎,也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如,他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。(见艺术)
    恐龙
    恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地方。一些恐龙和鸡一样? F渌?挠惺?反笙笠谎?蟆R恍┥踔量梢苑伞?
    许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。
    恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后,突然,他们都灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过,我们可以从化石中了解他们。(见地球历史)
    P.13
    More practice
    Australia's big
    attractio
    Module 1 Unit 1More
    practice
    Australia’s big attractio
    Australia is a very big country. It also has many big
    attractio.
    The Big Banana
    The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John
    Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit
    shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many people
    visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon
    people all over Australia began making big things.
    The Big Merino
    The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of
    sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are
    very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farme there.
    Iide the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of
    wool in Australia.Visito can also climb up to the Big Merion’s
    head and look at the view through its eyes.
     P.16
    Culture corner
    Encyclopaedias Britannica
    is a world-famous encyclopaedias.
    Unit
    2 Numbe
    p.19.
    The king and the rice
    A
    long time ago, there was a king in India. The king’s favourite game
    was chess.
    One
    day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him
    to a game. The king promised the old man, “ You can have any prize
    if you win the game.”
    The
    old man said, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice for
    the fit square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for
    the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the
    squares.”
    “Is
    that all?” asked the king. “Wouldn’t you like gold or silver
    itead?”
    “No,
    just rice,” replied the old man.
    The
    king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the
    old man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice.
    He put one grain on the fit square, two on the second, and so on.
    The king quickly realized the problem --- even with all the rice in
    the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the
    squares!
    国王和大米
    很久很久以前,有个印度的国王。国王最喜欢的比赛是国际象棋
    有一天,一个睿智的老人来到皇宫,国王向他挑战比赛。国王允诺老人:“如果你赢得比赛你可以拥有任何奖品,。”
    老人说“如果我赢得比赛:,我想要一粒大米在棋盘的第一个方格,两粒在第二个,四粒在第三个,然后使每个剩余的方格在数量上加倍。”
    “就这些吗?”国王问道。“难道你不想要金银来代替?”
    “不,只是大米,老人回答说:。
    国王和老人玩了很长时间。最后,老人赢了。国王命令他的助手们收集了一袋大米。他把一粒放在第一个方格,两粒在第二个,以此类推。国王很快意识到这一问题即使算上这个国家的所有大米,他仍然没有足够的大米放满所有的方格!
     P.29
    More
    practice
    Counting before numbe
     Before
    the invention of written number, people used many different ways to
    count numbe.
    Before the
    invention of written numbe, people used many different ways to
    count things.
    At fit, people use their finge, and even their toes. However,
    they could only count small numbe in this way.
    After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones.
    This helped them count bigger numbe. They used them to count the
    days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals
    they have.
    Then people began to use toke made from clay or small stones.
    This helped them count even bigger numbe. They often put the
    toke on pieces of string so that they could carry them around
    easily. This developed into tools like the abacus.
    Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to show
    different numbe, and this led to the Hindu---Arabic system(0-9).
    We are still using this system today.
    at
    fit 起初,开始
    a
    piece of string 一根绳子
    develop into
    发展成……
    lead
    sb to ...带某人去……
    lead
    sb to do sth 带领某人做某事
    agree with sb
    同意某人
    agree to do sth
    同意做某事
    not
    ...any more =no more = not....any longer= no longer
    不再
    take
    place 发生
    happen
    发生
    at
    once 立刻
    as
    usual 和往常一样
    keep
    your dream 坚持你的梦想
    not.....at all
    一点也不
    besides
    除了……还有
    except for
    除了……(不同类)
    except
    除了……(同类)
    but
    除了
    be
    late for 迟到
    all
    year round 全年,整年
    order sb to do sth
    命令某人做某事
    Unit
    3 Compute
    P.35
    Computer facts
    Smaller and
    better
    In
    the 1940s, the fit compute were bigger than ca. Now compute
    are becoming smaller and better.
    Some
    compute are tiny. You may be unaware of them. There is probably
    one iide your TV or washing machine. You depend on compute more
    than you realize.
    What
    can we do with compute?
    We
    can use compute to calculate. They can calculate at a faster
    speed than we can and almost never give wrong awe. We can also
    type and draw things with them. In addition, compute can do
    important jobs like operating railways and flying planes and
    spaceships.
    Is a
    computer cleverer than me?
    The
    awer is “No”. Your brain can produce new ideas but compute
    cannot. However, one day compute may be able to a better job than
    human beings. For example, they may be better than docto at doing
    their job.
    What
    will happen to us if compute can do all our jobs? Will we have
    nothing to do? Compute may change our lives, but will they make
    them better?
    电脑的事实
    越小越好
    在1940年代,第一台计算机比汽车大。现在电脑变得越小越好。
    一些电脑很? D憧赡芏济挥幸馐兜剿?恰?赡茉谀愕�电视或洗衣�?锞陀幸桓觥D惚饶懔私獾降母?右览档缒浴?
    我们可以用电脑做什么?
    我们可以用电脑来计算。他们可以以更快的速度比我们所能计算,几乎从未给错误的答案。我们也可以用它们打字和画画。此外,电脑能做重要的工作如作铁路系统,驾驶飞机和宇宙飞船。
    计算机比我聪明吗?
    答案是“不”。你的大脑能产生新想法,但计算机不能。然而,有一天计算机可以比人类更好的工作。例如,他们可能比医生更好地做他们的工作。
    如果电脑能做所有的工作会对我们发生什么?我们会无事可做吗?电脑可能会改变我们的生活,但是他们会使生活更好吗?
    Unit
    4 Inventio
    Great
    inventio
    Great inventio
    change the world. They help people live a better life. The
    following are three of the most important inventio in
    history.
    The
    wheel
    The
    wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After its
    invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A few
    thousand yea ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. In
    the early 19th century, the fit trai began to carry passenge.
    At the start of the 20th century, ca became popular. Without the
    wheel, we would not have these inventio.
    The
    telephone
    Alexander Graham
    Bell invented one of the fit practical telephones in 1876. Since
    then, people have been able to speak to each other over long
    distances. Today millio of people across the world own mobile
    phones. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime,
    anywhere.
    The
    light bulb
    Thomas Edison
    developed the fit practical light bulb in 1879. Before the
    invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps
    or candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many
    things in the evening as they can in the daytime. Can you imagine
    living without them?
    伟大的发明
    伟大的发明改变世界。他们帮助人们过上更好的生活。以下是三个历史上最重要的发明。轮子
    车轮也许是历史上最伟大的发明。它发明后,
    旅行变得更快、更舒适。几千年前,人们开始使用轮子在马车上。在19世纪早期,第一列火车开始载客。20世纪初,汽车开始流行起来。没有轮子,我们将没有这些发明。
    电话
    亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔于1876年发明了第一个实用的电话。从那时起,人们已经能够长距离彼此说话。今天世界各地数以百万计的人们拥有手机。他们使得人们彼此保持联系在任何时间,任何地方。
    灯泡
    托马斯•爱迪生在1879年开发第一个实用的灯泡。在灯泡的发明之前,
    在晚上人们必须使用油灯,气体灯或蜡烛来看。有了灯泡,人们在晚上可以像在白天一样做尽可能多的事情。你能想象没有他们的生活吗?
    Unit
    5 Educational exchanges
    An
    exchange visit is educational and interesting!
    A
    group of British students from Woodpark School in London are
    visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educational
    exchange.
    “I
    was very nervous at fit,” says Sarah. “However, my host family
    are really friendly. I’m glad to be a guest in their home. I’ve
    learnt to use chopsticks, and they’re teaching me a little
    Chinese!”
    The
    students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. At the
    weekend, they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest with
    their host families.
    “It’s been a
    fantastic experience so far,” says Eric. “ I’ve learnt a bit of
    t’ai chi, and I really enjoy it. We’ve already learnt a lot about
    Chinese culture and history. The teache have introduced us to
    Chinese painting as well. We’ll also tried to paint some pictures
    ouelves! I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keep
    trying.”
    “I’ve made many new
    friends,” says Sarah.”I plan to keep in touch with them when I
    return home. We’ll see one another soon because they’ll come over
    to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. I can’t
    wait!”
    教育交流
    交换访问有教育意义,并且很有趣!
    一批来自伦敦Woodpark学校的英国学生正在一次教育交流中访问北京新华初中学校。
    “一开始我很紧张,”莎拉说。“不过,我的寄宿家庭真的很友好。我很高兴成为他们家里的一个客人。我已学会了用筷子,并且他们正在教我一些汉语!”
    学生们平日和中国学生一起学习。周末,他们到北京周边旅游,和他们的寄宿家庭一起参观名胜古迹。
    “迄今为止都是一个奇妙的经历”,埃里克说。“我已经学会了太极拳,,我真的很喜欢它。我们已经学到了很多关于中国文化和历史。老师还向我们介绍中国画。我们还将尝试自己画一些画!我还没有取得成功,但我会继续努力。”
    “我已交了许多新朋友,”莎拉说。“我打算当我回到家与他们保持联系,。我们很快就能见到彼此,因为他们将在下个月第二部分交流的时候来英国。我等不及了!”
    Unit
    6 Ancient stories
    The
    Trojan hoe
    The
    capital stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. “The Greeks
    have gone and we’ve won,” he said. “ They’ve tried to capture our
    city for ten yea. Now they’ve given up and sailed
    away!”
    “But
    look over there,” a soldier said. “They’ve left a huge wooden
    hoe.”
    “Ah,
    yes,” the captain said, “it’s too big. The Greeks didn’t want to
    take it with them. Get some help and pull it into the
    city.”
    That
    night, in the main square of the city, all the Troja celebrated.
    They sang and danced around the hoe, and made jokes about the
    stupid Greeks. “I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood,”
    the captain said. After the party, they locked all the gates of the
    city and then all went to sleep.
    By
    midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge hoe.
    Suddenly a secret door opened on the side of the wooden hoe. The
    hoe was full of Greek soldie! They quietly climbed out of the
    hoe one by one.
    The
    soldie opened the main gates. The Greek army entered the
    city.
    For
    ten yea, the Greeks could not capture the city by fighting. In
    one night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever
    trick.
    古代故事
    特洛伊木马
    首领站在特洛伊城的高墙上。“希腊人已经走了,我们赢了,”他说。“他们试图占领我们的城市已经十年了。现在他们已经放弃并且起航走了!”
    “但看那边,”一名士兵说。“他们留下了一个巨大的木马。”
    “啊,是的,”船长说,“它太大了。希腊人不想带着它。找些帮手把它拖进城。”
    那天晚上,在城市的广场,所有特洛伊人在庆祝。他们在马边唱歌跳舞,开着关于愚蠢的希腊人的玩笑。“我自小时候起就没有这样笑了,”首领说。晚会之后,他们锁了城市的所有大门,然后去睡觉。
    午夜,广场是空的,除了巨大的马。突然木马一边一个秘密的门开了。马里面全都是希腊士兵!他们悄悄地一个个爬出木马。
    士兵们打开了大门。希腊军队进入了城市。
    长达十年来,希腊不能通过战争占领此城。然而,在一天晚上,他们通过一个聪明的伎俩成功地占领。
    Unit
    7 Memory
    Henry, Paula and
    Millie write for the school newspaper. They have written the short
    articles below to help students improve their
    memory.
    Memory
    Corner
    Henry
    A
    great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of
    it in your mind. If you make the picture big, strange or silly, you
    will remember it better. For example, to remember the word
    “smiles”, we can imagine there is a “mile” between the fit letter
    and the last letter. This makes it the longest word in the
    world.
    Paula
    A
    good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a
    short sentence with each letter of the word. For example, if you
    want to remember how to spell the word “because”, you can use the
    sentence “Big elephants can always undetand small
    elephants”.
    Millie
    You
    will forget something very quickly unless you undetand it well.
    For example, you may have trouble remembering the list of steps in
    the water cycle. However, it is easier to remember these steps if
    you undetand how the water cycle works.
    亨利,宝拉和米莉学校的报纸写文章。他们写了下面的短文章来帮助学生提高他们的记忆。
    记忆角
    亨利
    来帮助你记住东西的一个很好的方法是在你的头脑中想象它的图片。如果你让这幅画大,奇怪的或者愚蠢的,你会更好地记住它。例如,要记? 拔⑿Α闭飧龃?我们可以想象在第一个字母和最后一个字母之间存在一“英里”。这使它成为世界上最长的单词。宝拉
    记住一个单词的拼写的一个好方法是让单词的每个字母来造一个短句子。例如,如果你想记住如何拼写“因为”这个词,您可以使用这个句子“大象总是可以理解小象”。米莉
    你将很快忘记某东西,除非你理解它。例如,您可能很难记住水循环的系列步骤。然而,
    如果你理解水循环是如何运作的会更容易记住这些步骤。
    Unit
    8 English Week
    English: fun for
    life
    English Week at
    Rosie Bridge School
    Last
    week, students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their
    English Week a big success.
    There was an
    English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt. Some students
    put on an English play. Other students took part in an English
    singing competition.
    There was also a
    speaking competition. The students had to speak on a topic in
    English for two minutes.
    We
    spoke to the winner, Henry. “I’m so happy that I won,” he said. “I
    advise people to speak slowly. If they want to be good public
    speake, they’d better speak clearly and
    confidently.”
    We
    also spoke to several other students about English Week. One of
    them was Amy.
    “I
    really enjoyed English Week. It gave me a chance to learn new
    words. In my opinion, every school should have an English Week.
    It’s well worth doing,” she said.
    On
    the last day of English Week, the head teacher gave a speech to the
    whole school. He gave students some suggestio on how to improve
    their English. “You should communicate in English with your friends
    whenever you can. You should read English books and magazines, and
    watch English television programmes. Above all, you should enjoy
    English!” he said.
    英语:生活的乐趣
    罗西桥学校英语周
    上周,
    罗西桥学校的学生们的努力工作使他们的英语周大获成功。
    在图书馆里有一个英语书籍义卖和寻宝活动。一些学生上演了一个英语话剧。其他同学参加了一个英语歌唱比赛。
    还有一个演讲比赛。学生们必须用英语作一个两分钟的主题演讲。
    我们采访了获胜者,亨利。“我很高兴我赢了,”他说。“我建议人们说慢点。如果他们想成为好的公众演说家,他们最好表达清晰而且自信。”
    我们也和其他几个学生关于英语周作了交流。其中一个是艾米。
    “我真的很喜欢英语周。它给了我一个机会来学习新单词。在我看来,每个学校都应该有一个英语周。这是值得做的事情,”她说。
    在英语周的最后一天,校长发表了全校演讲。他给了学生们一些关于如何提高他们的英语水平的建议。“你应该尽可能和你的朋友用英语交流。你应该读英语书和杂志,看英语电视节目。最重要的是,你应该享受英语!”他说。
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